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Introduction/background
The key issue in this section is the existence of intractable/refractory symptoms, i.e. symptoms that can not be alleviated adequately by optimal palliative treatment. We analysed the literature for case series and guidelines or consensus statements addressing both the issue of assessment of symptoms as intractable or refractory and the effectiveness of sedation to alleviate these symptoms. Our recommendations are based on the results of this literature review.
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